Régulation d'ARNm via la dégradation nucléaire par la RNase III de Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Gene regulation allows cells to control their metabolism, growth, division and adaptation to environmental changes. Every step of the genetic information transmission chain is regulated. One of the targets of gene regulation is the mRNA that acts as an intermediate between DNA and proteins. Regulation of the mRNA can happen at the level of its synthesis, processing and degradation. The RNase III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Rnt1p, is a nuclear enzyme implicated in the processing of many non-coding RNAs. Rnt1p binds and cleaves double-strand RNA structures capped by NGNN tetra-loops. Such structures can also be found in many mRNAs. Cleavage within the coding sequence of a mRNA results in its degradation and thus contributes to negatively regulate the expression of its gene. The work presented in this thesis characterized the effects of the loss of Rnt1p in yeast. A first publication highlighted the relationship between the localization of this enzyme and cell cycle progression. A change in localization of Rnt1p from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm contributes to passage through G2/M. A second publication focused on the interaction between Rnt1p and the rRNA transcription machinery. Rnt1p was found to interact with RNA pol I and to be implicated in its transcription termination. We also used Rnt1p as a tool to uncover mRNAs that are posttranscriptionaly regulated in the nucleus. The case studied in this work shows a role for this nuclear degradation mechanism towards promoting the robustness of the cell wall stress response.